La violación de derechos humanos por agentes no estatales
una visión completa de los derechos humanos
Palabras clave:
derechos humanos, teorías de los derechos basados en intereses, globalización, obligaciones estatales, violaciones de derechos humanosResumen
En este trabajo cuestiono la versión tradicional del concepto de “derechos humanos”. Dicha versión se centra en una tesis Estado-céntrica que sostiene que lo que hace especial a este concepto es la relación de obligación que mantiene con el Estado como (i) único sujeto obligado por éstos, y (ii) como único agente que puede violarlos (actuando directamente o indirectamente faltando a sus deberes de proteger y garantizar). Defiendo una tesis que parte de la teoría del interés de los derechos de Raz y se conjuga con la idea de las olas sucesivas de deberes de Jeremy Waldron (a nivel normativo). La tesis propuesta realiza una lectura crítica de la situación –económica, social y política– actual global (a nivel descriptivo) para proponer una teoría completa de los derechos humanos que sostiene que (i) hay otros sujetos no estatales que tienen obligaciones de derechos humanos, y (ii) que estos sujetos efectivamente pueden violar derechos humanos (y lo hacen en la práctica).
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