Bertrand Russell en el país de los sóviets
Palabras clave:
comunismo, utopía, violencia, dogmatismo, religión políticaResumen
Este artículo es un estudio del libro de Bertrand Russell The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism. Sus objetivos son reconstruir el contexto histórico de la Rusia soviética en el momento que Russell viajó a ese país en mayo de 1920 y evaluar la crítica de Russell a las doctrinas políticas de los bolcheviques. Muestra que Russell fue pionero en la elaboración del concepto de religión política mucho antes de que este fuera establecido en el campo de las ciencias políticas. Examina las razones por las cuales Russell sostuvo que el bolchevismo, y el marxismo en general, no era en absoluto una ciencia, sino, más bien, un cuerpo dogmático de doctrinas similares en muchos aspectos a los dogmas religiosos de las iglesias institucionalizadas.
Descargas
Citas
Arch Getty, J. 1985. Origins of the Great Purges: The Soviet Communist Party Reconsidered, 1933–1938. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Arch Getty, J.; Naumov, O. 1999. The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Avrich, Paul. 1970. Kronstadt 1921. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Baynac, Jacques. 1975. La terreur sous Lénine. Paris: Le Sagittaire.
Berdiaev, Nikolai. 1937. El cristianismo y el problema del comunismo. Buenos Aires: Espasa-Calpe.
Birstein, Vadim. 2001. The Perversion of Knowledge: The True Story of Soviet Science. Boulder (CO): Westview Press.
Blackwell, Ken; Ruja, Harold (eds.). 1994. A Bibliography of Bertrand Russell. 3 vols. London: Routledge.
Bricmont, Jean; Baillargeon, Normand. 2017. “Bertrand Russell and the socialism that wasn’t”. Monthly Review 69: 86–97.
Chamberlain, Lesley. 2006. Lenin’s Private War: The Voyage of the Philosophy Steamer and the Exile of Intelligentsia. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Courtois, Stéphane. 2009. Communisme et totalitarisme. Paris: Perrin.
Courtois, Stéphane. 2017. Lenine, l’inventeur du totalitarisme. Paris: Perrin.
De Jong-Lambert, William. 2012. The Cold War Politics of Genetic Research: An Introduction to the Lysenko Affair. Dordrecht: Springer.
De los Ríos, Fernando. 1921. Mi viaje a la Rusia sovietista. Madrid: Imprenta de R. Caro Raggio.
Engelstein, Laura. 2018. Russia in Flames: War, Revolution, Civil War, 1914–1921. New York: Oxford University Press.
Figes, Orlando. 1996. A People’s Tragedy: The Russian Revolution, 1891–1924. London: Jonathan Cape.
Figes, Orlando. 2007. The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin’s Russia. London: Allen Lane.
Fitzpatrick, Sheila. 2017. The Russian Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press.
Flew, Antony. 1979. “Russell’s judgment on Bolshevism”. En Roberts, G. (ed.), pp. 428–454.
Furet, François. 1996. Le passé d’une illusion: essai sur l’idée communiste au XXe siècle. Paris: Robert Laffont.
Getzler, Israel. 1983. Kronstadt 1917–1921: The Fate of a Soviet Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Goldman, Emma. 1923. My Disillusionment in Russia. Garden City (NY): Doubleday, Page & Co.
Goldman, Emma. 1924. My Further Disillusionment in Russia. Garden City (NY): Doubleday, Page & Co.
Graham, Loren. 2016. Lysenko’s Ghost: Epigenetics and Russia. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.
Gregor, A. James. 2012. Totalitarianism and Political Religion: An Intellectual History. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Ivanova, Galina. 2000. Labor Camp Socialism: The Gulag in the Soviet Totalitarian System. London: Routledge.
Ironside, Philip. 1996. The Social and Political Thought of Bertrand Russell: The Development of an Aristocratic Liberalism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Jelen, Christian. 1984. L’aveuglement. Les socialistes et la naissance du mythe soviétique. Paris: Flammarion.
Khlevniuk, Oleg. 2004. A History of the Gulag: From Collectivization to the Great Terror. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Koestler, Arthur. 1952. Arrow in the Blue: An Autobiography. London: Collins & Hamish Hamilton.
Kowalski, Ronald. 1997. The Russian Revolution: 1917–1921. London: Routledge.
Leggett, George. 1979. “Lenin’s reported destruction of the Cheka archive”. Survey 24: 193–199.
Leggett, George. 1981. The Cheka: Lenin’s Political Police. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Lewin, Moshe. 2005. The Soviet Century. London: Verso.
Lincoln, Bruce. 1999. Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War. New York: Da Capo Press.
Maier, Hans (ed.). 2005–2007. Totalitarianism and Political Religions. 3 vols. London: Routledge.
Mayer, Arno. 2000. The Furies: Violence and Terror in the French and Russian Revolutions. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Melgunov, Sergei. 1925. The Red Terror in Russia. London: John Dent & Sons.
Meyer, Jean. 2006. Rusia y sus imperios (1894–2005). Barcelona: Tusquets.
Pipes, Richard. 1990. The Russian Revolution. New York: Vintage Books.
Pipes, Richard. 1994. Russia Under the Bolshevik Regime. New York: Knopf.
Pipes, Richard (ed.). 1996. The Unknown Lenin: From the Secret Archives. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Reed, John. 1919. Ten Days That Shook the World. New York: Boni & Liveright.
Roberts, G. (ed.). 1979. Bertrand Russell Memorial Volume. London: Routledge.
Roll-Hansen, Nils. 2005. The Lysenko Effect: The Politics of Science. New York: Humanity Books.
Rosefielde, Steven. 2010. Red Holocaust. London: Routledge.
Russell, Bertrand. 1896. German Social Democracy. London: Longmans, Green & Co.
Russell, Bertrand. 1916. Principles of Social Reconstruction. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Russell, Bertrand. 1917. Political Ideals. New York: The Century Co.
Russell, Bertrand. 1918. Roads to Freedom: Socialism, Anarchism and Syndicalism. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Russell, Bertrand. 1920. The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Russell, Bertrand. 1931. The Scientific Outlook. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Russell, Bertrand. 1947. “Philosophy and politics”. En Unpopular Essays, pp. 1–20.
Russell, Bertrand. 1949. The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Russell, Bertrand. 1950. Unpopular Essays. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Russell, Bertrand. 1956. Portraits from Memory and Other Essays. London: Allen & Unwin.
Russell, Bertrand. 1968. The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, Vol. II, 1914–1944. London: Allen & Unwin.
Russell, Bertrand. 2000. The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, Vol. 15: Uncertain Paths to Freedom. London: Routledge.
Ryan, James. 2012. Lenin’s Terror: The Ideological Origins of Early Soviet State Violence. London: Routledge.
Sebestyen, Victor. 2017. Lenin: The Man, the Dictator, and the Master of Terror. New York: Pantheon.
Serge, Victor. 1930. L’an I de la révolution russe. Paris: Librairie du Travail.
Serge, Victor. 1951. Mémoires d’un révolutionnaire (1901–1941). Paris: Le Seuil.
Smele, Jonathan. 2015. The “Russian” Civil Wars, 1916–1926: Ten Years That Shook the World. New York: Oxford University Press.
Smith, Stephen. 2017. Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Souvarine, Boris. 1935. Staline. Aperçu historique du bolchevisme. Paris: Plon.
Steinberg, Mark. 2017. The Russian Revolution, 1905–1921. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Stites, Richard. 1989. Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tumarkin, Nina. 1997. Lenin Lives! The Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.
Voegelin, Eric. 1938. Die politischen Religionen. Wien: Bermann-Fischer.
Volkogonov, Dmitri. 1994. Lenin: Life and Legacy. London: HarperCollins.
