Human Rights and the Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions
Palabras clave:
global governance institutions, human rights, human rights due diligence, legitimacy, state-centric conception of human rightsResumen
In a recent article Allan Buchanan and Robert Keohane defend the view that one of the necessary conditions for the legitimacy of global governance institutions such as the WTO and the IMF is that they respect basic human rights. I certainly agree that setting the minimal threshold of moral acceptability any lower would be entirely unreasonable. But, unfortunately, the view that global governance institutions have human rights obligations is far from uncontroversial. These institutions themselves go to great lengths to deny such a claim. Their official stance finds strong normative support in the state-centric conception of human rights that dominates both normative debates about human rights and current human rights practice. In this article I challenge some of the normative assumptions behind the state-centric conception in order to defend a pluralist conception that ascribes human rights obligations not only to states but also to non-state actors such as global governance institutions. After briefly analyzing some of the proposals currently under discussion about how to legally entrench the obligation to respect human rights in those institutions, I will defend the feasibility of those proposals against the objection that their implementation is incompatible with the current state-system and thus it would require the creation of a world state.
Descargas
Citas
Alston, P. (ed.) (2005). Non-State Actors and Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Alston, P.; Robinson, M. (eds.) (2005). Human Rights and Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Beitz, C. (2009). The Idea of Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bradlow, D. (1994). “International Organizations and Private Complaints: The Case of the World Bank Inspection Panel”. Virginia Journal of International Law, 34: 553–613.
Braunschweig, T.; Paasch, A.; Sreenivasan, G. Human Rights Impact Assessments for Trade and Investment Agreements.
Brownlie, I.; Goodwin-Gill, G. (eds.) (2010). Basic Documents on Human Rights, 6th ed.
Buchanan, A. (2010). Human Rights, Legitimacy, and the Use of Force. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Buchanan, A. (2011). “Reciprocal Legitimation: Reframing the Problem of International Legitimacy”. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 10(1): 5–19.
Buchanan, A.; Keohane, R. (2010). “The Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions”. En Buchanan (ed.), Human Rights, Legitimacy, and the Use of Force: 105–133.
Clapham, A. (2006). Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Actors. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cohen, J. (2004). “Minimalism about Human Rights”. Journal of Political Philosophy, 12: 190–213.
Cohen, J.; Sabel, C. (2005). “Global Democracy?”. NYU Journal of International Law and Politics, 37: 763–797.
Cohen, J.; Sabel, C. (2006). “Extra Rempublicam Nulla Iustitia?”. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 34(2): 147–175.
Collier, P. (2007). The Bottom Billion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cottier, T.; Pauwelyn, J.; Bürgi, E. (eds.) (2005). Human Rights and International Trade. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cranston, M. (1973). What Are Human Rights? London: Bodley Head.
Darrow, M. (2003). Between Light and Shadow. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
Donnelly, J. (1982). “Human Rights as Natural Rights”. Human Rights Quarterly, 4(3): 391–405.
Donnelly, J. (2003). Universal Human Rights. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Eide, A. (1987). “The New International Economic Order and the Promotion of Human Rights”. UN Doc E/CN.4/Sub.2/1987/23.
Freeman, M. (2002). Human Rights. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Gewirth, A. (1982). Human Rights. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gibney, M.; Skogly, S. (eds.) (2010). Universal Human Rights and Extraterritorial Obligations. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Glendon, M. A. (2010). A World Made New. New York: Random House.
Green, M. (2005). “Integrating Enforcement of Human Rights Laws with Trade Laws”. En Cottier et al. (eds.), Human Rights and International Trade: 236–244.
Goodin, R. (2003). “Globalizing Justice”. En Held (ed.), Taming Globalization: 68–82.
Griffin, J. (2008). On Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Griffin, J. (2010). “Human Rights: Questions of Aim and Approach”. Ethics, 120(4): 741–760.
Habermas, J. (1999). Between Facts and Norms. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Habermas, J. (2010). “The Concept of Human Dignity…”. Metaphilosophy, 41(4): 464–480.
Harrison, J.; Goller, A. (2008). “Trade and Human Rights”. Human Rights Law Review, 8(4): 587–615.
Held, D.; Koenig-Archibugi, M. (eds.) (2005). Global Governance and Public Accountability. Oxford: Blackwell.
Herstermeyer, H. (2007). Human Rights and the WTO. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kahler, M. (2004). “Defining Accountability Up”. En Held & Koenig-Archibugi (eds.), Global Governance and Public Accountability: 8–34.
Keohane, R. (2003). “Global Governance and Democratic Accountability”. En Held (ed.), Taming Globalization: 130–159.
Keohane, R.; Nye, J. (2003). “Redefining Accountability for Global Governance”. En Kahler & Lake (eds.), Governance in a Global Economy: 386–411.
Lafont, C. (2010). “Accountability and Global Governance”. Ethics & Global Politics, 3(3): 193–215.
Lafont, C. (2012). Global Governance and Human Rights. Amsterdam: van Gorcum.
Marceau, G. (2002). “WTO Dispute Settlement and Human Rights”. European Journal of International Law, 13(4): 753–814.
Marks, S. (2010). “Human Rights and Development”. En Joseph & McBeth (eds.), Research Handbook on International Human Rights Law: 167–195.
Martin, R. (2005). “Human Rights: Constitutional and International”. En Reidy & Seller (eds.), Universal Human Rights: 37–58.
Maastricht Principles (2011). Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Nagel, T. (2005). “The Problem of Global Justice”. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 33(2): 113–147.
Narula, S. (2006). “The Right to Food…”. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 44(3): 692–800.
Nickel, J. (2006). “Are Human Rights Mainly Implemented by Intervention?”. En Martin & Reidy (eds.), Rawls’s Law of Peoples: 263–277.
Nickel, J. (2007). Making Sense of Human Rights. Oxford: Blackwell.
Nickel, J. (2010). “Human Rights”. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
OHCHR (2001–2004). Various reports on globalization, trade and human rights.
Patomäki, H.; Teivainen, T. (2004). A Possible World. London: Zed Books.
Pauwelyn, J. (2005). “Human Rights in WTO Dispute Settlement”. En Cottier et al. (eds.), Human Rights and International Trade: 205–231.
Rawls, J. (1999). The Law of Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Raz, J. (2007). “Human Rights Without Foundations”. Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper.
Reinisch, A. (2005). “The Changing International Legal Framework…”. En Alston (ed.), Non-State Actors and Human Rights: 37–39.
Salomon, M. (2007). Global Responsibility for Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schmalz-Bruns, R. (2007). “An den Grenzen der Entstaatlichung”. En Niesen & Herborth (eds.), Anarchie der kommunikativen Freiheit: 369–393.
Sen, A. (2004). “Elements of a Theory of Human Rights”. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 32(4): 315–356.
Shue, H. (1996). Basic Rights. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Skogly, S. (2001). The Human Rights Obligations of the World Bank and the IMF. London: Cavendish.
Slaughter, A.-M. (2005). “Disaggregated Sovereignty…”. En Held & Koenig-Archibugi (eds.), Global Governance and Public Accountability: 35–66.
Stiglitz, J.; Charlton, A. (2005). Fair Trade for All. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tasioulas, J. (2009). “Are Human Rights Essentially Triggers for Intervention?”. Philosophy Compass, 4(6): 938–950.
Talbott, W. (2005). Which Rights Should Be Universal? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Talbott, W. (2010). Human Rights and Human Well-Being. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
UN Human Rights Council (2008–2009). Reports and resolutions on globalization and human rights.
UN (2005). World Summit Outcome Document.
Walker, S. (2009). “The Future of Human Rights Impact Assessments of Trade Agreements”. Oxford: Intersentia.
Woods, N.; Narlikar, A. (2001). “Global Governance and the Limits of Accountability”. International Science Journal, 53(170): 569–583.
World Bank (1998, 2002). Reports on development, human rights and poverty analysis.
Zagel, G. (2005). “WTO and Human Rights…”. Voices of Development Jurist Paper Series, 2(2): 1–37.
Zagel, G. (2007). “Human Rights Accountability of the WTO”. Human Rights & International Legal Discourse, 1–2: 335–379.
